Tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have flared repeatedly in recent years, driven by security concerns, militant activity, and long-standing border disputes.
oPakistan accuses armed groups based in Afghanistan particularly the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) of launching attacks inside Pakistani territory. Islamabad says Kabul has failed to rein in these fighters. Afghan authorities, in turn, deny sheltering militants and accuse Pakistan of violating Afghan sovereignty through air strikes and cross-border shelling.
A major source of friction is the Durand Line, the colonial-era border drawn in 1893. Pakistan recognizes it as the official international boundary, but successive Afghan governments have disputed it. Border fencing and military checkpoints have frequently triggered clashes.
Pakistan has deported large numbers of Afghan migrants in recent years, citing security and economic pressures. Kabul has criticized the move, saying it worsens humanitarian conditions and fuels resentment.
Since the Taliban returned to power in Kabul in 2021, relations have been strained. Both sides face internal security challenges, and periodic violence risks escalating into broader confrontation.
While full-scale war remains unlikely, continued mistrust, militant activity, and retaliatory strikes keep tensions high between the two neighbors.